Teeth grinding, or bruxism, is when patients clench and grind your teeth, usually unknowingly. This commonly occurs at nighttime when patients sleep but can also occur during the day, typically when an individual is feeling stressed. Occasional grinding is unlikely to be harmful, frequent or severe bruxism can lead to damaged teeth, jaw pain, and other health issues.

Stress and anxiety are among the main causes of teeth grinding. Individuals in emotional or mental strain tend to unknowingly clench jaws or grind teeth as a stress coping mechanism. Work-related stress, relationship issues, or financial stress can be causes of bruxism at night. Grinding teeth due to stress is especially common in adults.

Sleep disorders contribute to this as well. Sleep apnea or snoring is usually associated with grinding. During sleep, when there is blockage of the airway, the body tightens the muscles of the jaw, resulting in grinding. Poor hygiene or an abnormal sleep schedule can also increase the risk..

Another cause is misalignment of teeth or jaw. If your top and lower teeth do not fit comfortably together, you can experience discomfort or irritation and grind your teeth. Dentists call this a “malocclusion.” Sometimes dental procedures such as crowns or fillings that protrude too high can cause grinding as well.

Lifestyle habits play a role too. Individuals who smoke, drink heavily, or have high consumption of caffeine tend to grind their teeth. Some medications, particularly antidepressants or stimulants, have been associated with bruxism.

Lastly, there could be personality factors involved. Individuals who have competitive, aggressive, or type A personality types tend to be at higher risk of grinding their teeth. This may be due to how they deal with stress and frustration.

The diagnosis of bruxism’s underlying cause is the initial step to managing bruxism. The treatment may involve stress reduction, sleep improvement, wearing a custom oral guard at night, or resolving any dental problems. If teeth grinding is left untreated, it can weaken enamel, cause teeth to loosen, or result in long-term pain in the jaw. If you suspect you grind your teeth, particularly if you wake with headaches, sore jaws, or find flattened teeth, see your dentist. Early diagnosis can prevent further damage in the future.

The information provided is for general information purposes only and not intended to replace professional care. Please consult your physician or dentist for advice and diagnoses so you can be properly treated for your specific situation.